Comprehensive Animism Bibliography

Cargo Cult in Melanesia

Ahrens, R. 1977. Concepts of Power in Melanesian and Biblical Perspective. Missiology 5 (April):141.

Codrington, R. H. 1891. The Melanesians. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

McGregor, D. 1974. New Guinea Myths and Scriptural Similarities. Missiology 2 (January): 35-46.

Tippet, Alan R. 1960. Probing Missionary Inadequacies at the Popular Level. International Review of Missions 49 (October): 411-419.

________. 1967. Solomon Islands Christianity. Pasadena: William Carey Library.

________. 1973. Verdict Theology in Missionary Theory. South Pasadena: William Carey Library.

Animism in North America

Blass, Dave. 1991. Drawing Down the Moon. Christianity Today (April 29): 14-19.

African Traditional Religion

Cox. 1994. Healers and ecologists: Pentecostalism in Africa. The Christian Century (November 9): 1042-1046.

Entz, Loren. 1986. Challenges to Abou's Jesus. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 20, No. 1 (January) 46-50.

Evans-Pritchard, E.E. 1956. Nuer Religion. New York: Oxford University Press.

Gehman, Richard. 1991. African Religion Lives. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 27, No. 4 (October): 350-353.

Harries, Jim. 2000. The Magical Worldview in the African Church: What Is Going On? Missiology 24, No. 4 (October): 487-502.

Hohensee, Donald. 1979. Power Encounter Paves Way for Church Growth in Africa. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 15 (April): 87.

Kirby, Jon P. 1992. Anthropology of Knowledge and the Christian Dialogue with African Traditional Religions. Missiology 2, No. 3 (July): 323-341.

Onwurah, Emeka. 1987. Remaking of African Traditional Religions Under the Influence of Modernity. Journal of Dharma 12 (April-June):190ff.

Ray, Benjamin C. 1976. African Religions: Symbol, Ritual and Community. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Stoller, Paul. 1989. Fusion of the Worlds: An Ethnography of Possession among the Songhay of Niger. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Taylor, J.V. 1964. The Primal Vision. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.

Mexican Indian Culture

Beekman, John. 1967. A Culturally Relevant Witness. Readings in Missionary Anthropology, ed. William A. Smalley. Tarrytown, NY: Practical Anthropology: 83-88.

Wonderly, W. 1958. Pagan and Indian Concepts in a Mexican Indian Culture. Practical Anthropology 5: 197-202.

Asian Animistic Practices

Bong Rin Ro, ed. 1985. Christian Alternatives to Ancestor Practices. Taichung, Taiwan: Asia Theological Society.

Hung, D.M. 1983. Mission Blockade: Ancestor Worship. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 19 (January): 32-40.

Hwang, Bernard. 1980. Ancestor Cult Today. Missiology 8: 471-487.

Animism in South America

Brown, Diana De Groat. 1986. Unbanda: Religion and Politics in Urban Brazil. Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press.

Indian Animistic Practices

Demarest, Bruce. 1982. A Flawed Attempt to Merge Hindu and Christian Theology. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 18 (January): 21-24.

McClintock, Wayne. 1990. Demons and Ghosts in Indian Folklore. Missiology 18: 37-46.

Folk Catholicism

Espin, Orlando. 1992. Trinitarian Monotheism and the Birth of Popular Catholicism: The Case of Sixteenth-Century Mexico. Missiology 20, No. 2 (April): 177-204.

Nida, Eugene A. 1957. Mariology in Latin America. Practical Anthropology 4: 69-82.

Turner, Paul R. 1984. Religious Conversion and Folk Catholicism. Missiology 12 (January): 111-121.

New Age

Friedrich, Ott. 1987. New age harmonies. Time (Dec. 7) 62-72.

Groothius, Douglas R. 1988. Confronting the New Age: How to Resist a Growing Religious Movement. Downer's Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

________. 1990. Revealing the New Age Jesus: Challenges to Orthodox Views of Christ. Downer's Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

________. 1991. The Shamanized Jesus. Christianity Today (April 29): 20-23.

Spiritism in Brazil

General Religion in Brazil

Brandão, Carlos Rodrigues. 1993. “Popular Faith in Brazil.” In South and Meso-American Native Spirituality: From the Cult of the Feathered Serpent to the Theology of Liberation, ed. Gary H. Gossen, in collaboration with Miguel León-Portilla, 436-73. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company.

**Burdick, John. 1993. Looking for God in Brazil: The Progressive Catholic Church in Urban Brazil’s Religious Arena. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: The University of California Press.

Hess, David J. 1991. Spirits and Scientists: Ideology, Spiritism, and Brazilian Culture. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

Jacobsen, Ric. 1991. The Battle Can be Won on Brazil's Spiritual Warfront. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 27 (January): 12-15.

Page, Joseph. 1995. “Roman Catholicism” and “Evangelicals on the Move.” Chapters in The Brazilians. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

**Serbin, Kenneth P. 1999. “Brazil: Religious Tolerance, Church-State Relations, and the Challenge of Pluralism.” In

Religious Freedom and Evangelization in Latin America, ed. Paul E. Sigmund, 204-19. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books.


Uken, Charles. 1992. Spiritism and the Brazilian City. Urban Mission 9, No. 5 (May): 20-33.

Afro-Brazilian Traditions

**Bastide, Roger. 1978. The African Religions of Brazil: Towards a Sociology of the Interpenetration of Civilizations. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

**Harding, Rachel E. 2000. A Refuge in Thunder: Candomble and Alternative Spaces of Blackness. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.

Jensen, Tina Gudrun. 1999. “Discourses on Afro-Brazilian Religion: From De-Africanization to Re-Africanization.” In Latin American Religion in Motion, eds. Christian Smith and Joshua Prokopy, 275-94. New York and London: Routledge.

Page, Joseph. 1995. “The Orixas.” Chapter in The Brazilians. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.

**Voeks, Robert A. 1997. Sacred Leaves of Candomble: African Magic, Medicine, and Religion in Brazil. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Esoteric Traditions

Carpenter, Robert T. “Esoteric Literature as a Microcosmic Mirror of Brazil’s Religious Marketplace.” In Latin American Religion in Motion, eds. Christian Smith and Joshua Prokopy, 235-60. New York and London: Routledge.

Heelas, Paul, and Leila Amaral. 1994. “Notes on the ‘Nova Era’: Rio de Janeiro and Environs.” Religion 24: 173-80.

Kardecist Spiritism

**Hess, David J. 1991. Spirits and Scientists: Ideology, Spiritism, and Brazilian Culture. University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press.

**__________. 1994. Samba in the Night: Spiritism in Brazil. New York: Columbia University Press.

**__________. 1995. “Hierarchy, Heterodoxy, and the Construction of Brazilian Religious Therapies.” In The Brazilian Puzzle: Culture on the Borderlands of the Western World, eds. David J. Hess and Roberto A. DaMatta, 180-208. New York: Columbia University Press.

Umbanda

**Brown, Diana DeG. 1994. Umbanda: Religion and Politics in Urban Brazil. New York: Columbia University Press.

Folk Religion in Japan

Ogata, Mamoru Billy. 1991. What We can Learn from Japan's New Religious Movements. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 27 (October): 362-369.

Hayward, Douglas J. 1997. The Evangelization of Animists: Power, Truth or Love Encounter? IJFM 14, No. 4 (October-December): 155-159.

Hesselgrave, David J. 1978. Communicating Christ Cross-Culturally. Grand
Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House.

________. 1988. Today's Choices for Tomorrow's Mission. Grand Rapids:
Zondervan Publishing House.

Hiebert, Paul. 1978. From Syllabus for M620, "Phenomenology and Institutions
of Animism." Pasadena, CA: Fuller Theological Seminary.

Hoornaert, Eduardo. 1982. Verdadeira e falsa religiae no Nordeste. Salvador,
Bahia: Editora Beneditina 1982, 72.

Hung, Daniel M. 1983. Missions Blockade: Ancestor Worship. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 19, No. 1 (January): 32-40.

Idowu, Bolaji. 1973. African Traditional Religion--A Definition. London: SCM
Press.

Itioka, Neuza. 1990. Mission in the 1990s: Two Views. International Bulletin
of Missionary Research 14 (January) 7-10.

Kamps, Timothy James. 1986. The Biblical Forms and Elements of Power
Encounter. Columbia Graduate School of Bible and Missions. Photocopied.

Kraft. 1991. What kind of encounters do we need in our Christian witness? Evangelical Missions Quarterly 27, No. 3 (July): 258-265.

Nida, Eugene A., and William A. Smalley. 1957. Introducing Animism. New
York: Friendship Press.

Smalley, William A. 1971. Animism. In Concise Dictionary of the Christian
World Mission, ed. Stephen Neill, 2425. New York: Abingdon Press.

Tippett, Alan R. 1973. Verdict Theology in Missionary Theory. South
Pasadena: Wm. Carey Library.

Tylor, Edward B. 1970a. The Origins of Culture. London: John Murray, 1958;
reprint ed., Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith.

________. 1970b. Religion in Primitive Culture. London: John Murray, 1958;
reprint ed., Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith.

Uken, Charles D. 1992. Spiritism and the Brazilian City. Urban Mission 9, No. 5 (May): 20-33.

Wagner, C. Peter. 1991. Spiritual power in urban evangelism: dynamic lessons from Argentina. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 27, No. 2 (April): 130-137.

Westermarck, Edward. 1933. Pagan Survivals in Mahammedan Civilization.
London: MacMillan.

Wilson, Gene. 1995. Reaching New Agers on their own turf. Evangelical Missions Quarterly 31, No. 2 (April): 174-180.

Zuckerman, Laurence. 1988. The First Lady's Astrologer. Time (May 16) 41.

Zwemer, Samuel M. 1920. The Influence of Animism on Islam. New York:
MacMillan.

Revised: December 10, 2001.

Bibliographies Index